Introductory concepts of DBMS
- Introduction and applications of DBMS, Purpose of data base, Data, Independence, Database System architecture- levels, Mappings, Database, users and DBA
Relational Model - Structure of relational databases, Domains, Relations, Relational algebra – fundamental operators and syntax, relational algebra queries, tuple relational calculus
Entity-Relationship model - Basic concepts, Design process, constraints, Keys, Design issues, E-R diagrams, weak entity sets, extended E-R features – generalization, specialization, aggregation, reduction to E-R database schema
Relational Database design - Functional Dependency – definition, trivial and non-trivial FD, closure of FD set, closure of attributes, irreducible set of FD, Normalization – 1Nf, 2NF, 3NF, Decomposition using FD- dependency preservation, BCNF, Multi- valued dependency, 4NF, Join dependency and 5NF
Query Processing & Query Optimization - Overview, measures of query cost, selection operation, sorting, join, evaluation of expressions, transformation of relational expressions, estimating statistics of expression results, evaluation plans, materialized views
Transaction Management - Transaction concepts, properties of transactions, serializability of transactions, testing for serializability, System recovery, Two- Phase Commit protocol, Recovery and Atomicity, Log-based recovery, concurrent executions of transactions and related problems, Locking mechanism, solution to concurrency related problems, deadlock, , two-phase locking protocol, Isolation, Intent locking
Security- Introduction, Discretionary access control, Mandatory Access Control, Data Encryption
SQL Concepts - Basics of SQL, DDL,DML,DCL, structure – creation, alteration, defining constraints – Primary key, foreign key, unique, not null, check, IN operator,
- Functions - aggregate functions, Built-in functions –numeric, date, string functions, set operations, sub-queries, correlated sub-queries, Use of group by, having, order by, join and its types, Exist, Any, All , view and its types. transaction control commands – Commit, Rollback, Savepoint
PL/SQL Concepts - Cursors, Stored Procedures, Stored Function, Database Triggers